America's Foreign Policy Practice Exam 2025 – Comprehensive All-in-One Guide to Mastering U.S. Foreign Policy!

The leader of South Vietnam after the division established by the Geneva Agreement was Ngo Dinh Diem. Following the Geneva Accords in 1954, which temporarily divided Vietnam into North and South at the 17th parallel, Ngo Dinh Diem became the first President of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) after being supported by the United States. He was in power from 1955 until his assassination in 1963 and was recognized for his staunch anti-communism, positioning him as a critical figure during the early years of the Vietnam War.

Other figures mentioned, such as Ho Chi Minh, led North Vietnam and were key players in the communist movement. Vo Nguyen Giap was a prominent military commander for North Vietnam, known for his leadership in battles against French colonial forces and later against American troops. Nguyen Van Thieu became president of South Vietnam after Diem’s assassination, but he did not lead the government immediately following the division. Understanding the historical context around these leaders highlights Diem's significant role in shaping the political landscape of South Vietnam during a crucial period leading up to the Vietnam War.